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anti cd40l blocking antibody  (Bio X Cell)


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    Structured Review

    Bio X Cell anti cd40l blocking antibody
    a , Proposed model for AID and/or SHM activity. b , Detecting CDK2 activity through subcellular translocation of a DHB reporter. c , Rosa26 DHB-tdTomato knock-in (KI) allele design. Asterisk denotes a silent mutation introduced to prevent sgRNA binding in the KI template. d , DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) in cultured GC B cells, with corresponding C/N ratios. Scale bars, 5 μm. e , Snapshots from time-lapse imaging of GC B cells in Nojima cultures expressing H2B–GFP (green) and DHB–tdTomato (red at the top, greyscale at the bottom; Supplementary Video ). Scale bar, 10 µm. f , CDK2 activity traces (grey) with mean ± s.d. (red). Cells treated with <t>anti-CD40L</t> blocking antibody (blue) provide a CDK2 low reference. g , Duration of the C/N ratio below 1.0 (S-phase entry) after anaphase. Each symbol represents one daughter cell. h , DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) in GC B cells. CD35 expression (yellow dotted line) delineates the LZ (Supplementary Video ). Arrowheads in insets highlight nuclear DHB–tdTomato in LZ cells and cytoplasmic expression in DZ cells. Scale bars, 50 µm (top); 20 µm (bottom). i , DHB–tdTomato (grey) after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA. Arrowheads highlight nuclear DHB–tdTomato at 72 h. Scale bars, 20 µm. j , Violin plot of CDK2 activity with box plot overlay (median, interquartile range, range). The grey box indicates the CDK2 low state (median of untreated LZ cells). Individual GC data are in Extended Data Fig. . k , Fraction of CDK2 low cells in paired LZ and DZ cells in untreated GCs and DZ B cells after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA. P values by Student’s t -test. l , Snapshots of DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) from intravital time-lapse imaging at 0 h or 36 h after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA (Supplementary Videos and ). Images are aligned to the time of anaphase, determined by sister chromatid separation (arrowheads). CDK2 activity is indicated for each daughter cell. Scale bars, 10 µm. m , In vivo CDK2 activity traces in DZ cells with or without treatment with anti-DEC-OVA, summarized with mean and s.d. Non-dividing LZ cells (blue) serve as a CDK2 low reference. P value by Student’s t-test.
    Anti Cd40l Blocking Antibody, supplied by Bio X Cell, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 12 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/anti-cd40l+blocking+antibody/RecombiMAb+anti-mouse+CD40L/pmc12058519-258-0-8
    Average 93 stars, based on 12 article reviews
    anti cd40l blocking antibody - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    93/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Transient silencing of hypermutation preserves B cell affinity during clonal bursting"

    Article Title: Transient silencing of hypermutation preserves B cell affinity during clonal bursting

    Journal: Nature

    doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-08687-8

    a , Proposed model for AID and/or SHM activity. b , Detecting CDK2 activity through subcellular translocation of a DHB reporter. c , Rosa26 DHB-tdTomato knock-in (KI) allele design. Asterisk denotes a silent mutation introduced to prevent sgRNA binding in the KI template. d , DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) in cultured GC B cells, with corresponding C/N ratios. Scale bars, 5 μm. e , Snapshots from time-lapse imaging of GC B cells in Nojima cultures expressing H2B–GFP (green) and DHB–tdTomato (red at the top, greyscale at the bottom; Supplementary Video ). Scale bar, 10 µm. f , CDK2 activity traces (grey) with mean ± s.d. (red). Cells treated with anti-CD40L blocking antibody (blue) provide a CDK2 low reference. g , Duration of the C/N ratio below 1.0 (S-phase entry) after anaphase. Each symbol represents one daughter cell. h , DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) in GC B cells. CD35 expression (yellow dotted line) delineates the LZ (Supplementary Video ). Arrowheads in insets highlight nuclear DHB–tdTomato in LZ cells and cytoplasmic expression in DZ cells. Scale bars, 50 µm (top); 20 µm (bottom). i , DHB–tdTomato (grey) after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA. Arrowheads highlight nuclear DHB–tdTomato at 72 h. Scale bars, 20 µm. j , Violin plot of CDK2 activity with box plot overlay (median, interquartile range, range). The grey box indicates the CDK2 low state (median of untreated LZ cells). Individual GC data are in Extended Data Fig. . k , Fraction of CDK2 low cells in paired LZ and DZ cells in untreated GCs and DZ B cells after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA. P values by Student’s t -test. l , Snapshots of DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) from intravital time-lapse imaging at 0 h or 36 h after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA (Supplementary Videos and ). Images are aligned to the time of anaphase, determined by sister chromatid separation (arrowheads). CDK2 activity is indicated for each daughter cell. Scale bars, 10 µm. m , In vivo CDK2 activity traces in DZ cells with or without treatment with anti-DEC-OVA, summarized with mean and s.d. Non-dividing LZ cells (blue) serve as a CDK2 low reference. P value by Student’s t-test.
    Figure Legend Snippet: a , Proposed model for AID and/or SHM activity. b , Detecting CDK2 activity through subcellular translocation of a DHB reporter. c , Rosa26 DHB-tdTomato knock-in (KI) allele design. Asterisk denotes a silent mutation introduced to prevent sgRNA binding in the KI template. d , DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) in cultured GC B cells, with corresponding C/N ratios. Scale bars, 5 μm. e , Snapshots from time-lapse imaging of GC B cells in Nojima cultures expressing H2B–GFP (green) and DHB–tdTomato (red at the top, greyscale at the bottom; Supplementary Video ). Scale bar, 10 µm. f , CDK2 activity traces (grey) with mean ± s.d. (red). Cells treated with anti-CD40L blocking antibody (blue) provide a CDK2 low reference. g , Duration of the C/N ratio below 1.0 (S-phase entry) after anaphase. Each symbol represents one daughter cell. h , DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) in GC B cells. CD35 expression (yellow dotted line) delineates the LZ (Supplementary Video ). Arrowheads in insets highlight nuclear DHB–tdTomato in LZ cells and cytoplasmic expression in DZ cells. Scale bars, 50 µm (top); 20 µm (bottom). i , DHB–tdTomato (grey) after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA. Arrowheads highlight nuclear DHB–tdTomato at 72 h. Scale bars, 20 µm. j , Violin plot of CDK2 activity with box plot overlay (median, interquartile range, range). The grey box indicates the CDK2 low state (median of untreated LZ cells). Individual GC data are in Extended Data Fig. . k , Fraction of CDK2 low cells in paired LZ and DZ cells in untreated GCs and DZ B cells after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA. P values by Student’s t -test. l , Snapshots of DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) from intravital time-lapse imaging at 0 h or 36 h after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA (Supplementary Videos and ). Images are aligned to the time of anaphase, determined by sister chromatid separation (arrowheads). CDK2 activity is indicated for each daughter cell. Scale bars, 10 µm. m , In vivo CDK2 activity traces in DZ cells with or without treatment with anti-DEC-OVA, summarized with mean and s.d. Non-dividing LZ cells (blue) serve as a CDK2 low reference. P value by Student’s t-test.

    Techniques Used: Activity Assay, Translocation Assay, Knock-In, Mutagenesis, Binding Assay, Cell Culture, Imaging, Expressing, Blocking Assay, In Vivo

    Related Articles

    Blocking Assay:

    Article Title: IFNβ Is a Potent Adjuvant for Cancer Vaccination Strategies
    Article Snippet: For NK depletion experiments, mice received control PBS or 200 μg anti-NK1.1 (BioXCell) one day before and after vaccination. .. For CD40L blocking experiments, mice were administered with either control IgG isotype (BioXCell) or 200 μg anti-CD40L blocking antibody (BioXCell) on the same day as vaccination. ..

    Control:

    Article Title: IFNβ Is a Potent Adjuvant for Cancer Vaccination Strategies
    Article Snippet: For NK depletion experiments, mice received control PBS or 200 μg anti-NK1.1 (BioXCell) one day before and after vaccination. .. For CD40L blocking experiments, mice were administered with either control IgG isotype (BioXCell) or 200 μg anti-CD40L blocking antibody (BioXCell) on the same day as vaccination. ..

    other:

    Article Title: Long-term retention of antigens in germinal centers is controlled by the spatial organization of the follicular dendritic cell network.
    Article Snippet: Mice were immunized with a first antigen immunocomplex (immunization protocol) and 5 days later injected i.p. with 200 μg anti-CD40L blocking antibody or its isotype control (BioXCell) on the subsequent 2 days.

    Article Title: NK cells reduce anergic T cell development in early-stage tumors by promoting myeloid cell maturation
    Article Snippet: Mice were injected IP on D3 and D5 post tumor injection with 250 μg anti-CD40L blocking antibody (BioXcell) or an isotype control antibody (BioXcell) in 200 μl of PBS.



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    Bio X Cell anti cd40l blocking antibody
    a , Proposed model for AID and/or SHM activity. b , Detecting CDK2 activity through subcellular translocation of a DHB reporter. c , Rosa26 DHB-tdTomato knock-in (KI) allele design. Asterisk denotes a silent mutation introduced to prevent sgRNA binding in the KI template. d , DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) in cultured GC B cells, with corresponding C/N ratios. Scale bars, 5 μm. e , Snapshots from time-lapse imaging of GC B cells in Nojima cultures expressing H2B–GFP (green) and DHB–tdTomato (red at the top, greyscale at the bottom; Supplementary Video ). Scale bar, 10 µm. f , CDK2 activity traces (grey) with mean ± s.d. (red). Cells treated with <t>anti-CD40L</t> blocking antibody (blue) provide a CDK2 low reference. g , Duration of the C/N ratio below 1.0 (S-phase entry) after anaphase. Each symbol represents one daughter cell. h , DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) in GC B cells. CD35 expression (yellow dotted line) delineates the LZ (Supplementary Video ). Arrowheads in insets highlight nuclear DHB–tdTomato in LZ cells and cytoplasmic expression in DZ cells. Scale bars, 50 µm (top); 20 µm (bottom). i , DHB–tdTomato (grey) after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA. Arrowheads highlight nuclear DHB–tdTomato at 72 h. Scale bars, 20 µm. j , Violin plot of CDK2 activity with box plot overlay (median, interquartile range, range). The grey box indicates the CDK2 low state (median of untreated LZ cells). Individual GC data are in Extended Data Fig. . k , Fraction of CDK2 low cells in paired LZ and DZ cells in untreated GCs and DZ B cells after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA. P values by Student’s t -test. l , Snapshots of DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) from intravital time-lapse imaging at 0 h or 36 h after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA (Supplementary Videos and ). Images are aligned to the time of anaphase, determined by sister chromatid separation (arrowheads). CDK2 activity is indicated for each daughter cell. Scale bars, 10 µm. m , In vivo CDK2 activity traces in DZ cells with or without treatment with anti-DEC-OVA, summarized with mean and s.d. Non-dividing LZ cells (blue) serve as a CDK2 low reference. P value by Student’s t-test.
    Anti Cd40l Blocking Antibody, supplied by Bio X Cell, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Bio X Cell anti mouse cd40l blocking antibody
    (A) Experimental approach for <t>CD40L</t> blocking experiments. WT mice were either transfused with HOD RBCs or vaccinated with HEL-OVA/Alum. They received CD40L blocking antibody 4 days after immunization and subsequently on days 7 and 10 pi. Sera were collected 2 weeks after immunization for assessment of IgG levels by limiting dilution ELISA. (B) IgG titers of transfused mice. (C) IgG titers of vaccinated mice. (D) Experimental approach for experiments that utilized BCL6-BKO mice. WT or BCL6-BKO mice were either transfused with HOD RBCs or vaccinated with HEL-OVA/Alum. Sera were collected 2 weeks after immunization for assessment of IgG levels by limiting dilution ELISA. (E) IgG titers of transfused mice. (F) IgG titers of vaccinated mice. Each data point represents on mouse. Bars on scatter plots are median values. Figure shows a representative experiment out of 3. Groups of interest were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests preceded by Kruskal-Wallis tests. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001, ns P>0.5.
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    https://www.bioz.com/product/anti-cd40l+blocking+antibody/RecombiMAb+anti-mouse+CD40L/bio_rxiv__2025__01__16__633377-56-11-21
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    Bio X Cell anti cd40l blocking antibodies
    IL-21 regulates light zone GC B cell selection. (A) Wild-type (WT) mice were immunized with SRBC and either treated with blocking <t>anti-CD40L</t> antibody (MR1; 200 μg/i.p. injection on days 5 and 6 after immunization) or received no further treatment (Control). Collated data (left) and representative flow cytometry plots (right) for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone (LZ; CXCR4 low CD86 high ) GC B cell (CD19+BCL6+) frequencies 7 d after immunization; color scales define IRF4 expression levels in each cell. (B) WT mice were immunized with SRBC and either treated with agonistic CD40 antibody (FGK4.5; 50 μg i.p on day 5 after immunization) or received no further treatment (Control). Collated data (left) and representative flow cytometry plots (right) for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone GC B cell frequencies 6 d after immunization; color scales define IRF4 expression levels in each cell. (C) p-S6 expression was analyzed in splenic GC from SRBC-immunized WT mice 6 d after immunization. Representative histograms showing p-S6 expression mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ and c-Myc−BATF−IRF4− light zone GC B cells compared to follicular B cells (CD19+IgD+BCL6−; left). Collated data for p-S6 expression in c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ and c-Myc−BATF−IRF4− light zone and all dark zone (DZ; CXCR4 high CD86 low ) GC B cells (right). Data are collated from two to four independent experiments; n = 4–14; Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test. (D) CD19+ cells were isolated from spleens of 10-wk-old WT BALB/c mice using MACS positive selection. Cells were stimulated using 0–60 ng/ml of IL-21 and 20 μg/ml of anti-CD40 mAb for 24 h. Collated data and representative histograms for p-S6 median fluorescence intensity. One-way ANOVA; n = 4. (E) Representative t-SNE plots showing expression of c-Myc, BATF, and IRF4 in concatenated CTLA-4−/− and IL-21R−/−CTLA-4−/− light zone GC B cells; color scales define protein expression levels in each cell. (F) Collated data for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone GC B cell frequencies in 17–21-d-old CTLA-4−/− and IL-21R−/−CTLA-4−/− mice. Data are collated from five independent experiments; n = 8–9; Mann–Whitney U test. Mean ± SD are shown; ****, P < 0.0001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05.
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    Bio X Cell anti-cd40l blocking antibody
    IL-21 regulates light zone GC B cell selection. (A) Wild-type (WT) mice were immunized with SRBC and either treated with blocking <t>anti-CD40L</t> antibody (MR1; 200 μg/i.p. injection on days 5 and 6 after immunization) or received no further treatment (Control). Collated data (left) and representative flow cytometry plots (right) for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone (LZ; CXCR4 low CD86 high ) GC B cell (CD19+BCL6+) frequencies 7 d after immunization; color scales define IRF4 expression levels in each cell. (B) WT mice were immunized with SRBC and either treated with agonistic CD40 antibody (FGK4.5; 50 μg i.p on day 5 after immunization) or received no further treatment (Control). Collated data (left) and representative flow cytometry plots (right) for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone GC B cell frequencies 6 d after immunization; color scales define IRF4 expression levels in each cell. (C) p-S6 expression was analyzed in splenic GC from SRBC-immunized WT mice 6 d after immunization. Representative histograms showing p-S6 expression mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ and c-Myc−BATF−IRF4− light zone GC B cells compared to follicular B cells (CD19+IgD+BCL6−; left). Collated data for p-S6 expression in c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ and c-Myc−BATF−IRF4− light zone and all dark zone (DZ; CXCR4 high CD86 low ) GC B cells (right). Data are collated from two to four independent experiments; n = 4–14; Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test. (D) CD19+ cells were isolated from spleens of 10-wk-old WT BALB/c mice using MACS positive selection. Cells were stimulated using 0–60 ng/ml of IL-21 and 20 μg/ml of anti-CD40 mAb for 24 h. Collated data and representative histograms for p-S6 median fluorescence intensity. One-way ANOVA; n = 4. (E) Representative t-SNE plots showing expression of c-Myc, BATF, and IRF4 in concatenated CTLA-4−/− and IL-21R−/−CTLA-4−/− light zone GC B cells; color scales define protein expression levels in each cell. (F) Collated data for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone GC B cell frequencies in 17–21-d-old CTLA-4−/− and IL-21R−/−CTLA-4−/− mice. Data are collated from five independent experiments; n = 8–9; Mann–Whitney U test. Mean ± SD are shown; ****, P < 0.0001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05.
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    Bio X Cell anti-cd40l blocking antibody mr-1
    IL-21 regulates light zone GC B cell selection. (A) Wild-type (WT) mice were immunized with SRBC and either treated with blocking <t>anti-CD40L</t> antibody (MR1; 200 μg/i.p. injection on days 5 and 6 after immunization) or received no further treatment (Control). Collated data (left) and representative flow cytometry plots (right) for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone (LZ; CXCR4 low CD86 high ) GC B cell (CD19+BCL6+) frequencies 7 d after immunization; color scales define IRF4 expression levels in each cell. (B) WT mice were immunized with SRBC and either treated with agonistic CD40 antibody (FGK4.5; 50 μg i.p on day 5 after immunization) or received no further treatment (Control). Collated data (left) and representative flow cytometry plots (right) for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone GC B cell frequencies 6 d after immunization; color scales define IRF4 expression levels in each cell. (C) p-S6 expression was analyzed in splenic GC from SRBC-immunized WT mice 6 d after immunization. Representative histograms showing p-S6 expression mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ and c-Myc−BATF−IRF4− light zone GC B cells compared to follicular B cells (CD19+IgD+BCL6−; left). Collated data for p-S6 expression in c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ and c-Myc−BATF−IRF4− light zone and all dark zone (DZ; CXCR4 high CD86 low ) GC B cells (right). Data are collated from two to four independent experiments; n = 4–14; Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test. (D) CD19+ cells were isolated from spleens of 10-wk-old WT BALB/c mice using MACS positive selection. Cells were stimulated using 0–60 ng/ml of IL-21 and 20 μg/ml of anti-CD40 mAb for 24 h. Collated data and representative histograms for p-S6 median fluorescence intensity. One-way ANOVA; n = 4. (E) Representative t-SNE plots showing expression of c-Myc, BATF, and IRF4 in concatenated CTLA-4−/− and IL-21R−/−CTLA-4−/− light zone GC B cells; color scales define protein expression levels in each cell. (F) Collated data for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone GC B cell frequencies in 17–21-d-old CTLA-4−/− and IL-21R−/−CTLA-4−/− mice. Data are collated from five independent experiments; n = 8–9; Mann–Whitney U test. Mean ± SD are shown; ****, P < 0.0001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05.
    Anti Cd40l Blocking Antibody Mr 1, supplied by Bio X Cell, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Image Search Results


    a , Proposed model for AID and/or SHM activity. b , Detecting CDK2 activity through subcellular translocation of a DHB reporter. c , Rosa26 DHB-tdTomato knock-in (KI) allele design. Asterisk denotes a silent mutation introduced to prevent sgRNA binding in the KI template. d , DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) in cultured GC B cells, with corresponding C/N ratios. Scale bars, 5 μm. e , Snapshots from time-lapse imaging of GC B cells in Nojima cultures expressing H2B–GFP (green) and DHB–tdTomato (red at the top, greyscale at the bottom; Supplementary Video ). Scale bar, 10 µm. f , CDK2 activity traces (grey) with mean ± s.d. (red). Cells treated with anti-CD40L blocking antibody (blue) provide a CDK2 low reference. g , Duration of the C/N ratio below 1.0 (S-phase entry) after anaphase. Each symbol represents one daughter cell. h , DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) in GC B cells. CD35 expression (yellow dotted line) delineates the LZ (Supplementary Video ). Arrowheads in insets highlight nuclear DHB–tdTomato in LZ cells and cytoplasmic expression in DZ cells. Scale bars, 50 µm (top); 20 µm (bottom). i , DHB–tdTomato (grey) after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA. Arrowheads highlight nuclear DHB–tdTomato at 72 h. Scale bars, 20 µm. j , Violin plot of CDK2 activity with box plot overlay (median, interquartile range, range). The grey box indicates the CDK2 low state (median of untreated LZ cells). Individual GC data are in Extended Data Fig. . k , Fraction of CDK2 low cells in paired LZ and DZ cells in untreated GCs and DZ B cells after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA. P values by Student’s t -test. l , Snapshots of DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) from intravital time-lapse imaging at 0 h or 36 h after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA (Supplementary Videos and ). Images are aligned to the time of anaphase, determined by sister chromatid separation (arrowheads). CDK2 activity is indicated for each daughter cell. Scale bars, 10 µm. m , In vivo CDK2 activity traces in DZ cells with or without treatment with anti-DEC-OVA, summarized with mean and s.d. Non-dividing LZ cells (blue) serve as a CDK2 low reference. P value by Student’s t-test.

    Journal: Nature

    Article Title: Transient silencing of hypermutation preserves B cell affinity during clonal bursting

    doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-08687-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Proposed model for AID and/or SHM activity. b , Detecting CDK2 activity through subcellular translocation of a DHB reporter. c , Rosa26 DHB-tdTomato knock-in (KI) allele design. Asterisk denotes a silent mutation introduced to prevent sgRNA binding in the KI template. d , DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) in cultured GC B cells, with corresponding C/N ratios. Scale bars, 5 μm. e , Snapshots from time-lapse imaging of GC B cells in Nojima cultures expressing H2B–GFP (green) and DHB–tdTomato (red at the top, greyscale at the bottom; Supplementary Video ). Scale bar, 10 µm. f , CDK2 activity traces (grey) with mean ± s.d. (red). Cells treated with anti-CD40L blocking antibody (blue) provide a CDK2 low reference. g , Duration of the C/N ratio below 1.0 (S-phase entry) after anaphase. Each symbol represents one daughter cell. h , DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) in GC B cells. CD35 expression (yellow dotted line) delineates the LZ (Supplementary Video ). Arrowheads in insets highlight nuclear DHB–tdTomato in LZ cells and cytoplasmic expression in DZ cells. Scale bars, 50 µm (top); 20 µm (bottom). i , DHB–tdTomato (grey) after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA. Arrowheads highlight nuclear DHB–tdTomato at 72 h. Scale bars, 20 µm. j , Violin plot of CDK2 activity with box plot overlay (median, interquartile range, range). The grey box indicates the CDK2 low state (median of untreated LZ cells). Individual GC data are in Extended Data Fig. . k , Fraction of CDK2 low cells in paired LZ and DZ cells in untreated GCs and DZ B cells after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA. P values by Student’s t -test. l , Snapshots of DHB–tdTomato (red) and H2B–GFP (green) from intravital time-lapse imaging at 0 h or 36 h after treatment with anti-DEC-OVA (Supplementary Videos and ). Images are aligned to the time of anaphase, determined by sister chromatid separation (arrowheads). CDK2 activity is indicated for each daughter cell. Scale bars, 10 µm. m , In vivo CDK2 activity traces in DZ cells with or without treatment with anti-DEC-OVA, summarized with mean and s.d. Non-dividing LZ cells (blue) serve as a CDK2 low reference. P value by Student’s t-test.

    Article Snippet: Anti-CD40L blocking antibody (25 μg ml −1 , Bio X Cell) was added as indicated.

    Techniques: Activity Assay, Translocation Assay, Knock-In, Mutagenesis, Binding Assay, Cell Culture, Imaging, Expressing, Blocking Assay, In Vivo

    (A) Experimental approach for CD40L blocking experiments. WT mice were either transfused with HOD RBCs or vaccinated with HEL-OVA/Alum. They received CD40L blocking antibody 4 days after immunization and subsequently on days 7 and 10 pi. Sera were collected 2 weeks after immunization for assessment of IgG levels by limiting dilution ELISA. (B) IgG titers of transfused mice. (C) IgG titers of vaccinated mice. (D) Experimental approach for experiments that utilized BCL6-BKO mice. WT or BCL6-BKO mice were either transfused with HOD RBCs or vaccinated with HEL-OVA/Alum. Sera were collected 2 weeks after immunization for assessment of IgG levels by limiting dilution ELISA. (E) IgG titers of transfused mice. (F) IgG titers of vaccinated mice. Each data point represents on mouse. Bars on scatter plots are median values. Figure shows a representative experiment out of 3. Groups of interest were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests preceded by Kruskal-Wallis tests. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001, ns P>0.5.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Transfusion of allogenic murine HOD red blood cells preferentially induces low-affinity, short-lived IgG antibodies that are germinal center independent

    doi: 10.1101/2025.01.16.633377

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Experimental approach for CD40L blocking experiments. WT mice were either transfused with HOD RBCs or vaccinated with HEL-OVA/Alum. They received CD40L blocking antibody 4 days after immunization and subsequently on days 7 and 10 pi. Sera were collected 2 weeks after immunization for assessment of IgG levels by limiting dilution ELISA. (B) IgG titers of transfused mice. (C) IgG titers of vaccinated mice. (D) Experimental approach for experiments that utilized BCL6-BKO mice. WT or BCL6-BKO mice were either transfused with HOD RBCs or vaccinated with HEL-OVA/Alum. Sera were collected 2 weeks after immunization for assessment of IgG levels by limiting dilution ELISA. (E) IgG titers of transfused mice. (F) IgG titers of vaccinated mice. Each data point represents on mouse. Bars on scatter plots are median values. Figure shows a representative experiment out of 3. Groups of interest were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests preceded by Kruskal-Wallis tests. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001, ns P>0.5.

    Article Snippet: For CD40L blocking experiments, mice were given 250 μg of the anti-mouse CD40L blocking antibody or isotype control via IP injection (BioXCell, BE0017-1 or BE0091) on days 4, 7, 10, and 14 post-immunization.

    Techniques: Blocking Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, MANN-WHITNEY

    IL-21 regulates light zone GC B cell selection. (A) Wild-type (WT) mice were immunized with SRBC and either treated with blocking anti-CD40L antibody (MR1; 200 μg/i.p. injection on days 5 and 6 after immunization) or received no further treatment (Control). Collated data (left) and representative flow cytometry plots (right) for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone (LZ; CXCR4 low CD86 high ) GC B cell (CD19+BCL6+) frequencies 7 d after immunization; color scales define IRF4 expression levels in each cell. (B) WT mice were immunized with SRBC and either treated with agonistic CD40 antibody (FGK4.5; 50 μg i.p on day 5 after immunization) or received no further treatment (Control). Collated data (left) and representative flow cytometry plots (right) for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone GC B cell frequencies 6 d after immunization; color scales define IRF4 expression levels in each cell. (C) p-S6 expression was analyzed in splenic GC from SRBC-immunized WT mice 6 d after immunization. Representative histograms showing p-S6 expression mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ and c-Myc−BATF−IRF4− light zone GC B cells compared to follicular B cells (CD19+IgD+BCL6−; left). Collated data for p-S6 expression in c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ and c-Myc−BATF−IRF4− light zone and all dark zone (DZ; CXCR4 high CD86 low ) GC B cells (right). Data are collated from two to four independent experiments; n = 4–14; Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test. (D) CD19+ cells were isolated from spleens of 10-wk-old WT BALB/c mice using MACS positive selection. Cells were stimulated using 0–60 ng/ml of IL-21 and 20 μg/ml of anti-CD40 mAb for 24 h. Collated data and representative histograms for p-S6 median fluorescence intensity. One-way ANOVA; n = 4. (E) Representative t-SNE plots showing expression of c-Myc, BATF, and IRF4 in concatenated CTLA-4−/− and IL-21R−/−CTLA-4−/− light zone GC B cells; color scales define protein expression levels in each cell. (F) Collated data for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone GC B cell frequencies in 17–21-d-old CTLA-4−/− and IL-21R−/−CTLA-4−/− mice. Data are collated from five independent experiments; n = 8–9; Mann–Whitney U test. Mean ± SD are shown; ****, P < 0.0001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05.

    Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine

    Article Title: IL-21 shapes germinal center polarization via light zone B cell selection and cyclin D3 upregulation

    doi: 10.1084/jem.20221653

    Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-21 regulates light zone GC B cell selection. (A) Wild-type (WT) mice were immunized with SRBC and either treated with blocking anti-CD40L antibody (MR1; 200 μg/i.p. injection on days 5 and 6 after immunization) or received no further treatment (Control). Collated data (left) and representative flow cytometry plots (right) for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone (LZ; CXCR4 low CD86 high ) GC B cell (CD19+BCL6+) frequencies 7 d after immunization; color scales define IRF4 expression levels in each cell. (B) WT mice were immunized with SRBC and either treated with agonistic CD40 antibody (FGK4.5; 50 μg i.p on day 5 after immunization) or received no further treatment (Control). Collated data (left) and representative flow cytometry plots (right) for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone GC B cell frequencies 6 d after immunization; color scales define IRF4 expression levels in each cell. (C) p-S6 expression was analyzed in splenic GC from SRBC-immunized WT mice 6 d after immunization. Representative histograms showing p-S6 expression mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ and c-Myc−BATF−IRF4− light zone GC B cells compared to follicular B cells (CD19+IgD+BCL6−; left). Collated data for p-S6 expression in c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ and c-Myc−BATF−IRF4− light zone and all dark zone (DZ; CXCR4 high CD86 low ) GC B cells (right). Data are collated from two to four independent experiments; n = 4–14; Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test. (D) CD19+ cells were isolated from spleens of 10-wk-old WT BALB/c mice using MACS positive selection. Cells were stimulated using 0–60 ng/ml of IL-21 and 20 μg/ml of anti-CD40 mAb for 24 h. Collated data and representative histograms for p-S6 median fluorescence intensity. One-way ANOVA; n = 4. (E) Representative t-SNE plots showing expression of c-Myc, BATF, and IRF4 in concatenated CTLA-4−/− and IL-21R−/−CTLA-4−/− light zone GC B cells; color scales define protein expression levels in each cell. (F) Collated data for c-Myc+BATF+IRF4+ splenic light zone GC B cell frequencies in 17–21-d-old CTLA-4−/− and IL-21R−/−CTLA-4−/− mice. Data are collated from five independent experiments; n = 8–9; Mann–Whitney U test. Mean ± SD are shown; ****, P < 0.0001; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05.

    Article Snippet: When indicated, anti-CD40L blocking antibodies (clone MR-1; Bio X Cell) were injected i.p. 5.5 and 6.5 d after SRBC immunization (200 μg per injection), and agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies (clone FGK4.5; Bio X Cell) were injected 5 d after SRBC immunization (50 μg per injection).

    Techniques: Selection, Blocking Assay, Injection, Control, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Fluorescence, MANN-WHITNEY, Isolation